QUICK SUMMARY
Orange essential oil is a bright, budget-friendly citrus oil usually cold-pressed from the peel of Citrus sinensis. It is one of the richest natural sources of d-limonene, a plant compound studied for mood support, fat-burning pathways, antimicrobial effects, antioxidant activity, and cancer-fighting potential.
Orange essential oil benefits include helping lift mood, ease stress and anxiety, support depression-related pathways, encourage healthy metabolism, support brain health in aromatherapy blends, soothe joint discomfort when blended for massage, and fight harmful microbes in non-toxic cleaning applications.
Sweet orange and wild orange essential oil are generally considered non-phototoxic, but bitter orange, bergamot, expressed lemon, and expressed lime can increase sun sensitivity. Always check the exact oil you are using, dilute properly, and use citrus oils wisely, especially with children and summer sun exposure.
Table of Contents
What Is Orange Essential Oil?
Orange essential oil is usually made by cold pressing the peel of sweet oranges, botanically known as Citrus sinensis. Depending on the brand, you may see it labeled as orange, sweet orange, or wild orange essential oil. In everyday family aromatherapy, these usually refer to the same cheerful citrus oil.
This matters because the citrus family can be confusing. Orange oil comes from the fruit peel. Neroli essential oil comes from bitter orange blossoms. Petitgrain comes from the leaves and twigs of the bitter orange tree. Bergamot comes from a different citrus fruit altogether, and grapefruit essential oil has its own therapeutic profile.
Here’s the thing: orange oil is one of those “use it everywhere” oils. It smells happy, blends beautifully, costs less than many other essential oils, and belongs right next to clove essential oil and peppermint essential oil in a practical family medicine cabinet.
Orange essential oil is commonly used in aromatherapy, natural perfumes, body oils, DIY cleaners, soaps, lotions, deodorants, and diffuser blends. Its bright citrus aroma is wonderful, but the real power is in its chemistry.
The Secret Power of Orange Essential Oil
One of the questions I get asked most often in interviews, podcasts, conferences, and casual conversations is this: “If you could only choose three essential oils, what would they be?”
My answer is always the same: clove, peppermint, and orange.
Why?
- You can do so much with these three oils.
- They blend well together.
- They are all budget-friendly.
That’s a win-win-win for families trying to build a natural medicine cabinet without breaking the bank.
Few oils are as versatile as orange essential oil. It can lift the spirits, calm stress, freshen the home, support a healthy metabolism, and make DIY cleaners smell amazing. The most prominent compound in orange oil is d-limonene, a monoterpene found in citrus peels that has been studied for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, metabolic, and cancer-fighting activity.
Sweet orange essential oil is one of the richest natural sources of d-limonene, with some analyses listing sweet orange oil at approximately 83.9% to 95.9% d-limonene. This is one reason orange oil stands out even in the powerful citrus family.
PubChem describes d-limonene as having potential chemopreventive and antitumor activity, and research suggests that limonene and its metabolites may inhibit tumor growth and trigger apoptosis, which is programmed cancer cell death. (3, 4)
That is a bold statement, so let’s keep the evidence clear. Much of the cancer-related research on essential oils and isolated compounds like d-limonene is in vitro, animal, or mechanistic. That means we can talk plainly about cancer-fighting activity in the research while still being honest that this is not the same as a proven human cancer treatment protocol.
Orange oil also contains other valuable plant compounds, including polymethoxyflavones, which have been studied for their ability to slow the growth of and kill certain cancer cells in laboratory research. (5)
Put simply, orange essential oil is more than a pleasant scent. It is a concentrated source of God-given plant chemistry that can support the body in several meaningful ways when used wisely.
Is Orange Essential Oil Phototoxic?
Many citrus oils contain furocoumarins such as bergapten, which can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight. This is called phototoxicity. If a phototoxic oil is applied to the skin and then exposed to UV rays, the result can be redness, burning, blistering, or long-lasting discoloration.
The good news is that sweet orange essential oil and wild orange essential oil are generally listed among the non-phototoxic citrus oils. Bitter orange expressed oil, bergamot, expressed lemon, expressed lime, cumin, angelica root, and rue require more caution. (1, 2)
Photosensitizing Essential Oils
- Angelica root – Angelica archangelica
- Bergamot – Citrus bergamia
- Cumin – Cuminum cyminum
- Distilled or expressed grapefruit, low risk – Citrus paradisi
- Expressed lemon – Citrus limon
- Expressed lime – Citrus medica
- Orange, bitter, expressed – Citrus aurantium
- Rue – Ruta graveolens
Non-Phototoxic Citrus Oils
- Bergamot FCF, bergapten-free – Citrus bergamia
- Distilled lemon – Citrus limon
- Distilled lime – Citrus medica
- Mandarin or tangerine – Citrus reticulata
- Sweet orange – Citrus sinensis
- Expressed tangerine – Citrus reticulata
- Yuzu oil, expressed or distilled – Citrus juno
Reality check: labels can be confusing, and not every bottle clearly explains the plant part, extraction method, or phototoxic risk. If you are not sure which orange oil you have, dilute it well, use it at night, and avoid direct sun exposure on the area where you applied it.
Many aromatherapists agree that proper dilution minimizes the risk with citrus oils. For phototoxic oils, Aromahead Institute and Essential Oil Safety give practical maximum dilutions such as about 2 drops cold-pressed bergamot per ounce, 12 drops cold-pressed lemon per ounce, 4 drops cold-pressed lime per ounce, and 24 drops cold-pressed grapefruit per ounce. (2)
For general topical use, a 1% to 2% dilution is a good family-friendly range for adults, and lower dilutions are best for children, sensitive skin, facial use, and anyone new to essential oils. See our essential oil dilution guide for a practical cheat sheet.
7 Orange Essential Oil Benefits
Orange essential oil benefits touch several areas of everyday health: cancer-fighting plant chemistry, pain relief, mood, anxiety, brain health, microbes, depression, and metabolism. Oils are not magic bullets, but when they are part of a biblical health lifestyle—good food, movement, sleep, prayer, stress relief, and reducing toxic burden—they can be powerful helpers.
1. Cancer-Fighting Potential
One of the most exciting orange essential oil benefits is its cancer-fighting potential through d-limonene and citrus polymethoxyflavones. Research suggests d-limonene can inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis, and sweet orange compounds have been shown in lab research to slow growth and kill certain cancer cells. (3, 4, 5)
First, we need to be honest about the evidence. Whenever people mention natural therapies and cancer, it’s important to remember that essential oil therapy for cancer patients is still debated and not broadly tested in human clinical protocols. A vast majority of the research discussing the cancer-fighting benefits of essential oils is conducted in vitro, in animal models, or through mechanistic studies.
Still, orange oil deserves attention because its dominant compound, d-limonene, has confirmed cancer-fighting activity in the scientific literature. Although we cannot pinpoint every mechanism, research suggests that d-limonene can inhibit tumor growth and trigger programmed cancer cell death.
Healing orange oil uses may also be attributed to polymethoxyflavones, phytochemicals found primarily in sweet orange and mandarin oils. These compounds have been studied for their ability to slow the growth of and kill cancer cells in laboratory research. Grapefruit and neroli contain only trace amounts of these same compounds. (5)
So what does this mean for you? It means orange oil is a smart, affordable citrus oil to keep in your toolbox for daily wellness, antioxidant support, and reducing toxic burden. For anyone actively navigating cancer care, use essential oils only with a knowledgeable practitioner and your oncology team, especially if you are taking medications or using concentrated protocols.
Application: Diffuse 3 drops orange and 2 drops frankincense during prayer, journaling, or quiet time. This is not a cancer treatment protocol; it is a simple way to use orange oil as part of a peaceful, toxin-reduced, faith-filled healing environment.
2. Pain Relief
You usually don’t see much about citrus oils and pain relief, but research suggests that orange essential oil deserves a place in the conversation.
In one 2008 study, researchers tested massage with aromatic ginger and orange essential oil for elderly people with moderate-to-severe knee pain. The massage oil used olive oil as the carrier with 1% Zingiber officinale and 0.5% Citrus sinensis. Participants received six massage sessions over six weeks, and pain started decreasing within the first week. (6)
That is practical and encouraging. The relief did not appear to be permanent, and it only lasted until about one week after the study ended. This suggests that regular topical use may be needed for ongoing comfort.
Here’s why this matters: joint discomfort can interrupt sleep, movement, mood, and everyday family life. When pain keeps you from walking, gardening, exercising, serving, or simply enjoying your day, it touches more than your joints. A simple, well-diluted massage blend can be a helpful tool in a broader pain-support lifestyle.
Of course, orange oil was used with ginger in this study, so we cannot credit orange alone for the result. But we can say that orange essential oil was part of a researched massage blend that helped reduce knee pain in elderly adults.
Application: Make a simple pain-relief massage oil by adding 1 drop orange essential oil and 2 drops ginger essential oil to 1 tablespoon of olive oil or jojoba oil. Massage gently over sore knees, hands, or tight muscles once daily during flare-ups. Avoid broken skin and wash hands after use.
3. Emotional Health and Anxiety
Orange oil uses are widely loved because of their effect on emotional health. Few things can boost mood and calm the mind like citrus oils, and orange tops the list for many families.
Human research has found that orange essential oil can help relieve anxiety in dental settings. In one study, researchers evaluated orange and lavender essential oils compared with music or no intervention. Patients exposed to the essential oils experienced a significant reduction in anxiety and an improvement in mood while waiting for dental treatment. (7)
Another study found that sweet orange aroma showed acute anxiolytic activity in healthy volunteers exposed to an anxiety-producing situation. Orange aromatherapy has also been studied during labor and in children receiving dental care, with findings pointing to reduced anxiety markers such as pulse rate, cortisol, or self-reported anxiety. (8, 15, 16)
Stress is not just “in your head.” Chronic stress affects hormones, sleep, blood sugar, inflammation, digestion, immunity, and relationships. That is why tools like deep breathing and meditation, prayer, time in Scripture, and calming aromatherapy matter.
Application: Add 3 drops orange, 2 drops lavender, and 1 drop frankincense to your diffuser during your evening wind-down routine. Let the aroma remind your body that it is safe to shift from fight-or-flight into rest-and-repair.
4. Brain Health and Dementia Support
Orange oil has been studied as part of aromatherapy blends for cognitive support. In one dementia study, elderly patients, most of whom had Alzheimer’s disease, used rosemary and lemon aromatherapy in the morning and lavender and orange in the evening. Researchers reported significant improvement in personal orientation without adverse effects. (9)
Can we say orange oil alone reversed dementia? No. That would go beyond the evidence. But we can say that orange oil has been used in a researched aromatherapy protocol that showed cognitive benefits, and it pairs well with other brain-supportive oils.
Orange oil’s calming effect may also matter for brain health because anxiety, sleep disruption, and chronic stress can all influence cognition. Supporting the nervous system is one way to support the mind.
Application: For evening cognitive and emotional support, diffuse 2 drops lavender and 2 drops orange for 30 to 60 minutes before bed. Learn more about essential oils for Alzheimer’s and brain health.
5. Infection-Fighting
Like many essential oils, orange oil uses include infection-fighting potential. In one in vitro study comparing ten essential oils against 22 bacterial strains and 12 fungal strains, orange oil was one of the oils that demonstrated activity against all tested bacteria and fungi. (10)
This is lab research, not the same as saying orange oil treats human infections. Still, it shows why orange belongs in a non-toxic home toolkit. It smells fresh, cuts grease, helps remove sticky residue, and brings antimicrobial plant chemistry into your cleaning routine.
This is important because reducing toxic burden is stewardship. We are caring for the homes God gave us and the bodies He entrusted to us. A non-toxic cleaning routine does not have to be complicated. Sometimes it starts with swapping harsh products for simple ingredients like vinegar, castile soap, alcohol, baking soda, and essential oils.
Application: Add orange oil to DIY cleaners, especially recipes for counters, bathrooms, glass, sticky residue, and greasy messes. For stronger infection-support protocols, see our essential oils for infections blend.
6. Depression Support
Orange essential oil is often described as uplifting, and preclinical research helps explain why. In animal studies, orange essential oil and its constituents have shown antidepressant-like effects, including effects on behavior, stress-related pathways, and neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. (12, 13)
In one study, scientists tested whether smelling orange essential oil could reduce depression-like behavior in stressed mice. The oil improved mood-related behavior, and researchers credited limonene as a key compound involved in stress hormone and brain chemistry pathways. (12)
Another group of scientists gave orange essential oil to mice made depressed with reserpine. The oil helped improve depression-like symptoms and increased activity, while supporting brain chemicals such as serotonin and dopamine in a way compared by researchers to the antidepressant fluoxetine. (13)
This is where we need both boldness and compassion. Depression can be spiritually, emotionally, and physically crushing. Aromatherapy can be a helpful natural tool, but deep healing often requires a whole-life approach: prayer, community, counseling, nutrition, movement, sleep, sunlight, medical support when needed, and renewing the mind with truth.
If you are walking through a dark season, don’t walk alone. Start with small daily practices that help your body and soul receive care. Orange oil can be one gentle tool for emotional support, especially when blended with grounding oils like sandalwood, frankincense, bergamot, ylang ylang, or vetiver.
Application: Diffuse 3 drops orange and 3 drops bergamot during your morning routine. Pair it with Scripture, prayer, journaling, or a gratitude practice. For more faith-rooted encouragement, read what the Bible says about depression.
7. Weight Loss and Metabolic Support
Orange essential oil may support weight loss pathways because of its d-limonene content and its effect on metabolism, energy use, and fat-burning mechanisms. Research on essential oils and anti-obesity effects has highlighted sweet orange oil in both in vitro and in vivo models, including effects on lipolysis, adipose tissue, and metabolic markers. (11, 12)
Lipolysis is the process of breaking stored fat apart so the body can use it for fuel. Research suggests that inhaling certain essential oils may help support key fat-burning pathways, reduce new fat storage, and encourage cells to use more energy instead of holding on to excess weight. (12)
Its bright citrus aroma may also help activate the nervous system in ways that support metabolic function and appetite control. When paired with healthy daily habits, orange essential oil does not just smell fresh; it gives your body real support for burning fat and improving metabolic function.
This is important because many people ask, “Which oil should I use for weight loss?” The better question is, “How can I support my body’s God-designed ability to heal, burn fuel, and thrive?” Orange oil can be part of that answer, but it works best alongside an anti-inflammatory diet, daily movement, better sleep, and stress reduction.
Application: Make a simple orange body oil by adding 2 drops of orange essential oil to 1 teaspoon of coconut, jojoba, or fractionated coconut oil. Massage over the abdomen, thighs, or arms after a shower. Use at night or under clothing if you have any uncertainty about sun exposure.
Practical Orange Essential Oil Uses
Orange oil is one of the easiest essential oils to use every week. It blends well with lavender, clove, cinnamon, peppermint, grapefruit, lemon, lime, bergamot, frankincense, sandalwood, ylang ylang, vanilla, and ginger.
In addition to the therapeutic benefits many people experience from orange oil, don’t forget about practical, everyday applications around the kitchen, laundry room, bathroom, and garage.
1. Freshen Clothes
We’ve all forgotten to switch laundry to the dryer at least once. Add a few drops of orange essential oil to wool dryer balls or a rinse cycle to help prevent that stale, musty odor.
2. Remove Gum and Sap
Playtime around trees can quickly become a sticky mess. Use a small amount of orange essential oil on a cloth to help remove pine gum, tree sap, or sticky residue from clothes, carpets, or hard surfaces. Test a small hidden area first.
3. Wash Greasy Hands
Soap just doesn’t always cut it after mechanic work, gardening, or cleaning greasy kitchen messes. Add a drop or two of orange essential oil to natural soap to help cut grime and freshen hands.
4. Disinfect Without the Toxins
Bleach is harsh, especially when little hands and lungs are around. For a stronger natural cleaner, add 40 drops of orange essential oil to 8 ounces of grain alcohol and use it for moldy showers or germy countertops. Use caution on delicate surfaces and keep alcohol-based cleaners away from flames.
5. Safe Leather Treatment
A tiny dab of orange oil on a cloth can help refresh leather furniture, shoes, and accessories. Always test a hidden spot first because some finishes may react differently.
6. Polish Silver
Orange oil can help refresh tarnished silverware and jewelry. Apply a tiny amount to a soft cloth and polish gently.
7. Goo-Be-Gone
Sticker books are a parent’s nemesis when the stickers find their way onto windows, furniture, and floors. Orange essential oil can help remove stickers, gum, and other gooey remnants. See our favorite essential oil window cleaner DIY for more non-toxic cleaning inspiration.
Citrus Lover’s Anxiety Inhaler
Citrus Lover’s Anxiety Inhaler
Ingredients
- 5 drops orange essential oil
- 5 drops bergamot essential oil
- 5 drops sandalwood essential oil
- 5 drops ylang ylang essential oil
Supplies
- Precut organic cotton pad
- Aromatherapy inhaler
Instructions
- Place the cotton pad inside the inhaler tube.
- Drop the essential oils directly onto the cotton pad.
- Secure the cap and store the inhaler in a purse, desk drawer, or glove compartment.
- When you feel anxious or overwhelmed, open the inhaler and take several slow, deep breaths.
Citrus-Powered Pain Relief Roll-On
Citrus-Powered Pain Relief Roll-On
Ingredients
- 5 drops orange essential oil
- 5 drops copaiba essential oil
- 5 drops frankincense essential oil
- Carrier oil of choice, such as jojoba or fractionated coconut oil
Supplies
- 10 ml glass roller bottle
Instructions
- Add the essential oils to the roller bottle.
- Fill the rest of the bottle with carrier oil.
- Cap and shake well.
- Apply over sore joints or tight areas during flare-ups, up to twice daily for short-term support.
Mama Z-Inspired Joyful Body Oil
Joyful Citrus Body Oil
Ingredients
- 1 ounce carrier oil or Mama Z’s Oil Base
- 2 drops lemon essential oil
- 2 drops orange essential oil
- 2 drops lime or key lime essential oil
- 2 drops grapefruit essential oil
- 4 to 8 drops vanilla absolute, CO2, or oleoresin
Supplies
- Small glass bowl
- 2-ounce glass bottle or salve jar with lid
Instructions
- Mix the carrier oil and essential oils in a glass bowl until fully blended.
- Transfer to a glass bottle or jar.
- Use as a body moisturizer, or rub onto wrists, temples, neck, or belly for an emotional pick-me-up.
- Store in a cool, dark place.
Safety note: Grapefruit, expressed lemon, and expressed lime can be phototoxic. Use this blend under clothing, at night, or substitute distilled lemon and distilled lime when sun exposure is likely.
Simple Orange All-Purpose Cleaning Spray
Simple Orange All-Purpose Cleaning Spray
Ingredients
- 25 drops orange essential oil
- 1/4 cup white vinegar
- 1/2 teaspoon liquid castile soap
- Distilled water
Supplies
- 16-ounce glass spray bottle
Instructions
- Add orange essential oil, vinegar, and castile soap to the spray bottle.
- Fill the rest of the bottle with distilled water.
- Cap and shake well.
- Spray on counters, sinks, tile, or sticky spots, then wipe clean.
Safety note: Do not use vinegar-based cleaners on natural stone such as marble or granite. Keep essential oil cleaners away from eyes, pets, and small children.
How to Use Orange Essential Oil Safely
Orange essential oil is generally considered one of the more family-friendly oils, but it is still concentrated plant medicine. Respect it.
Diffusion
Add 3 to 6 total drops of essential oil to a diffuser, depending on room size and the manufacturer’s instructions. Diffuse for 30 to 60 minutes, then take a break. For children or sensitive individuals, start with fewer drops and more airflow.
Topical Use
Dilute orange essential oil before applying it to the skin. A 1% dilution is about 3 drops per tablespoon of carrier oil. A 2% dilution is about 6 drops per tablespoon. For children, facial use, sensitive skin, or first-time use, start lower.
Always patch test a new oil or blend on a small area first. Citrus oils can oxidize faster than many essential oils, so keep the cap tight, store away from heat and light, and replace old bottles that smell “off” or harsh.
Internal Use
Orange essential oil is used commercially as a flavoring, but that does not mean every bottle should be swallowed or that drops should be added straight to water. Oil and water do not mix.
For culinary use, choose a high-quality oil labeled for internal use, use tiny amounts, and disperse it properly in a recipe with fat, honey, stevia, or another suitable carrier. Avoid internal essential oil use if pregnant, nursing, on medications, managing liver disease, or using it with children unless guided by a qualified professional.
Children, Pregnancy, and Sensitive Skin
Orange oil is often loved by children because of its sweet aroma. Use it gently. Diffuse lightly, dilute well, and avoid applying near the eyes, nose, mouth, or hands of young children. During pregnancy, keep recipes simple, use low dilutions, and discuss regular essential oil use with your provider.
Orange Essential Oil FAQs
What is orange essential oil good for?
Orange essential oil is good for uplifting mood, calming stress, easing anxiety, supporting pain-relief massage blends, encouraging metabolic and fat-burning pathways, freshening the home, cutting grease, removing sticky residue, and supporting non-toxic cleaning routines. Research also points to antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cancer-fighting activity, especially related to d-limonene.
Is orange essential oil the same as sweet orange oil?
Most of the time, yes. Orange, sweet orange, and wild orange essential oils are commonly used to describe Citrus sinensis oil from the peel. Always check the Latin name on the bottle because bitter orange, neroli, petitgrain, bergamot, mandarin, and tangerine are different oils.
Is orange essential oil phototoxic?
Sweet orange and wild orange essential oil are generally considered non-phototoxic. Bitter orange expressed oil, bergamot, expressed lemon, and expressed lime are phototoxic or higher-risk citrus oils. When in doubt, dilute well and avoid sun exposure after topical use.
Can orange essential oil help with pain relief?
Yes, orange essential oil has been studied in a massage blend with ginger essential oil for knee pain in elderly adults. Participants received massage over six weeks and experienced pain reduction beginning in the first week, though the relief did not appear to last long after the study ended. This suggests orange oil may be helpful in regular pain-relief massage blends.
Can orange essential oil help with anxiety?
Yes, research suggests orange aromatherapy can help reduce anxiety in several settings, including dental anxiety, experimental anxiety, labor anxiety, and pediatric dental stress. Use it in a diffuser, personal inhaler, or diluted body oil.
Can orange essential oil help with depression?
Orange essential oil has shown antidepressant-like effects in preclinical research, and its bright aroma is traditionally used to uplift mood. For significant depression, use orange oil as one supportive tool alongside prayer, community, counseling, nutrition, sleep, movement, and professional care when needed.
Can orange essential oil help with weight loss?
Orange essential oil may support fat-burning and metabolic pathways, especially because of d-limonene. It is not a stand-alone weight loss solution. Pair it with healthy food, exercise, hydration, sleep, stress relief, and a toxin-reduced lifestyle.
Can I put orange essential oil directly on my skin?
Dilution is best. Even gentle oils can irritate the skin when used neat, especially if the oil is oxidized or used repeatedly. Mix orange oil with a carrier oil before applying.
What blends well with orange essential oil?
Orange blends well with lavender, bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, lime, peppermint, clove, cinnamon, ginger, frankincense, sandalwood, vanilla, ylang ylang, and patchouli. For stress, pair orange with lavender and frankincense. For energy, pair orange with peppermint and rosemary. For cozy home aromas, pair orange with clove, cinnamon, and vanilla.
Resources
- National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy. Aromatherapy Safety.
- Aromahead Institute. Citrus Essential Oils: Avoiding Phototoxicity.
- PubChem. D-Limonene Compound Summary.
- Crowell PL. Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes.
- ScienceDirect. Research on citrus polymethoxyflavones and cancer-related pathways.
- Yip YB, Tam ACY. An experimental study on the effectiveness of massage with aromatic ginger and orange essential oil for knee pain.
- Lehrner J, et al. Ambient odors of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office.
- Goes TC, et al. Effect of sweet orange aroma on experimental anxiety in humans.
- Jimbo D, et al. Effect of aromatherapy on patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
- Pattnaik S, et al. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of ten essential oils in vitro.
- De Blasio A, et al. The beneficial effects of essential oils in anti-obesity treatment.
- Shibato J, et al. Effects of essential oil inhalation on enhancement of lipolysis.
- Zhang LL, et al. Antidepressant-like effect of Citrus sinensis essential oil.
- Park BJ, et al. Physiological effects of orange essential oil inhalation in humans.
- Rashidi-Fakari F, et al. The effect of aromatherapy by essential oil of orange on women’s anxiety during labor.
- Jafarzadeh M, et al. Effect of aromatherapy with orange essential oil on salivary cortisol and pulse rate in children during dental treatment.
